The Swine Producer’s Option of Dead Swine Disposal using Incinerators

Pig farming is a popular business enterprise and even with the substantial losses incurred due to mortality, many are still going into this business. Even with proper management, swine mortality cannot be avoided and the disposal of carcasses poses an additional challenge to swine producers since the best method has to be selected based on government regulations that apply to the location. Disposal problems are exacerbated during catastrophic conditions where mortality is greater than normal. Swine producers have the option of burial or dead swine disposal using incinerators since rendering has been imposed with a lot restrictions and environmental regulations.

Onsite dead swine disposal

Compact incinerators

Dead swine disposal using incinerators are can be done through compact incinerators that are designed for onsite incineration. The incinerator is an option in areas where there is a ban on burying or burning dead swine to prevent the spread of diseases through the residues in soil and groundwater. Dead swine disposal using incinerators is a better alternative during outbreaks of diseases so that contamination can be effectively controlled from spreading to adjoining animal farms. However, animal incinerators require environmental permits to protect the environment and people from pollution. The following information is usually required for the issuance of permits.

-        Evidence that the incinerator meets the requirements for the kind of waste that has to be incinerated

-        Plant capacity, quantities of waste and the system for storing and handling waste onsite

-        Quality and quantity of residue produced by the incinerator and how this residue will be handles, stored, minimized or disposed of.

-        Use of heat generated by the incinerator

-        Predicted emissions to air and water

-        Monitoring techniques during the process of incineration

Trench burial

This method of disposal for dead swine is considered as economically advantageous and efficient. Swine producers typically dig a trench using a backhoe depending on the capacity required. After burial, the carcasses of dead swine would decompose and become unrecognizable after a few years. However, if the site of the trench has not been carefully chosen, it can result into possible contamination of soil and groundwater in areas where soil is sandy or with a high water table. During winter, burial of swine carcasses may not be possible since the ground is frozen and makes digging a challenge. When faced with such circumstances, swine producers have no option but dead swine disposal using incinerators.

Composting

Composting is a good option for onsite disposal of dead swine. Bacteria and other microorganisms do the job of composting as long as you provide them with the right environment. The speed and efficiency of this method of carcass disposal depends on several factors that include temperature, nutrients, moisture, and availability of oxygen and the size of the dead swine. Optimum temperature for microbial activity is less than 550^oC. Temperature is controlled by adjusting aeration and moisture and by covering the pile with more straw and sawdust. The primary source of nutrients for bacteria is the carcass itself but in order for composting to work effectively, carbon and nitrogen sources must be provided in their right ratios.